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What are the components of the transport system in human beings? What are the functions of these components?
The main components of the transport system in human beings are the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Heart pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body. It receives deoxygenated blood from the various body parts and sends this impure blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
Being a fluid connective tissue, blood helps in the transport of oxygen, nutrients, CO2, and nitrogenous wastes.
The blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries) carry blood either away from the heart to various organs or from various organs back to the heart.
Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds?
It is an evolutionary advancement in birds and mammals compared to other groups, because the separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood will increase the efficiency of oxygen delivery where the arteries deliver only oxygenated blood to tissues and veins collect deoxygenated blood bring it back to heArt from where it is sent to lungs for oxygenation again.
What are the components of the transport system in highly organised plants?
In highly organised plants, there are two different types of conducting tissues − xylem and phloem. Xylem conducts water and minerals obtained from the soil (via roots) to the rest of the plant. Phloem transports food materials from the leaves to different parts of the plant body.
How are water and minerals transported in plants?
The components of xylem tissue (tracheids and vessels) of roots, stems, and leaves are interconnected to form a continuous system of water-conducting channels that reaches all parts of the plant. Transpiration creates a suction pressure, as a result of which water is forced into the xylem cells of the roots. Then there is a steady movement of water from the root xylem to all the plant parts through the interconnected water-conducting channels.
How is food transported in plants?
Phloem transports food materials from the leaves to different parts of the plant body. The transportation of food in phloem is achieved by utilizing energy from ATP. As a result of this, the osmotic pressure in the tissue increases causing water to move into it. This pressure moves the material in the phloem to the tissues which have less pressure. This is helpful in moving materials according to the needs of the plant. For example, the food material, such as sucrose, is transported into the phloem tissue using ATP energy.
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